Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line a muffin tin with cupcake liners.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together granulated sugar, brown sugar, and melted butter until well combined.
Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in vanilla extract.
In another bowl, whisk together flour, cocoa powder, salt, and instant espresso powder.
Gradually fold the dry ingredients into the wet mixture using a rubber spatula until just combined. Do not overmix.
Gently fold in the semi-sweet chocolate chips.
Divide the batter evenly among the cupcake liners, filling each about ⅔ full.
Bake in the preheated oven for 20-25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
While the cupcakes cool, prepare the coffee buttercream. In a mixing bowl, beat the softened butter until creamy.
Gradually add powdered sugar, alternating with brewed coffee, and mix until smooth and fluffy. Stir in vanilla extract and instant coffee granules if desired.
Once the cupcakes have cooled completely, frost them with the coffee buttercream using a piping bag or a knife.